UK sailors released…. “stunning” ?

(5:05 pm. update: Gary Sick’s G2k comments are now appended in the continuation)
Iran’s President Ahmadinejad has announced that “he” will be releasing the British sailors. The US airwaves are now filled with quotes characterizing this very welcome release announcement as a “stunning surprise.”
No doubt it was a shock to Ted Koppel, the former ABC News anchor. Just two days ago, Koppel’s NPR commentary had knowingly proclaimed that this current hostage drama was deja vu from 1979. Koppel speculated that the crisis wouldn’t be over until Tony Blair was out of office. Koppel must be missing his Night-Line gig.
Surely I’m not the only one not surprised that this crisis is being unwound. After all, the world’s stock markets rallied yesterday (Tuesday) and oil prices plunged in anticipation that something positive was in the works.
A good thing too – I was getting nauseous from all the plausible to bizarre theories purporting to explain which Iranian faction was behind the capture, what their agendas were, and how the crisis presumably was playing into the hands of Iran’s confrontational hardliners. (never mind the “regime change” ideologues in the US and Israel) Even Juan Cole in Salon published a version of such interpretations.
A few lonely voices had contemplated that the crisis might have been consciously provoked by the British, or that the situation was recklessly stoked when Blair proclaimed he was “utterly confident” over the facts of the original British operation. It became a mutual TV propaganda war. (and the US mainstream media largely bought the official British version, “hook, line, and sinker.”)
I don’t know yet which account to believe on the immediate catalysts. I was more concerned that the “neocons” on both sides were painting themselves into corners from which a resolution would be supremely difficult to reach.
Over the past few days, however, close observers could see a series of encouraging signs from both London and Tehran suggesting that creative language was forming that could indeed be acceptable to both sides. From the British side, there was less blather about “absolute certainty” that their sailors had been on the Iraqi side of a maritime border line – a line that in fact does NOT exist in treaty form.
Richard Schoffield and Craig Murray were quite “spot on,” even as their early voices of sanity were pointedly ignored by most of the mainstream media. The problem at hand is rather “simple,” as Schoffield told the BBC over a week ago,

“Iran and Iraq have never agreed to a boundary of their territorial waters. There is no legal definition of the boundary beyond the Shatt al-Arab.”

That didn’t stop the New York Times (for starters) from reprinting the British “fake” map in their pages — with no indication that the boundary line indicated was not at all settled.
Even the British naval commander of the operation, Commodore Nick Lambert, had carefully observed in the early hours after the detention of his sailors that,

“There is absolutely no doubt in my mind that they were in Iraqi territorial waters. Equally, the Iranians may well claim that they were in their territorial waters. The extent and definition of territorial waters in this part of the world is very complicated.”

Ambassador Murray was widely vilified for pointing out that it was ill-advised for Blair to have been “utterly confident” that Britain’s ships were on the Iraqi side of a “fake” line. Yet a week later, Murray noted that the border’s unsettled nature had become widely admitted within British foreign policy decision-making circles and even in the British media.
I suspect that this key shift “back” in British rhetoric contributed to today’s news.
From the Iranian side, there was recognition that the crisis was only increasing Iran’s woes in the international community. The public parading of the sailors, however relatively “different” from the images of Abu Ghraib, Gitmo, etc, was also reviving ghastly images from the US hostage crisis of 1979. And few Iranian leaders wanted to re-live that isolation.
President Ahmadinejad is but one spoke in Iran’s complex decision-making wheel. The hub of that consensus forming wheel is Iran’s “Leader” – Ali Khamenehi. No doubt Khamenehi, in consultation with veteran key players in the top inner circles (e.g. Rafsanjani, Khatami, Velayati), decided that the boil had to be lanced.
Ali Larijani, the Iranian who gave the encouraging interview with Britain’s Channel 4 on Monday, chairs Iran’s Supreme National Security Council – a body that reports directly to Khamenehi – not Ahmadinejad. When asked if Iran would put the sailors on trial, Larijani replied,

“Definitely our priority would not be trial… Our priority is to solve the problem through diplomatic channels. We are not interested in having this issue get further complicated.”

Such conciliatory comments were welcomed by Britain.
While AN may have been granted the privilege to announce the pending release of the British sailors, the decision was hardly his alone to make.
Hats off then to the “grown ups” in both the British and Iranian foreign policy teams. Both sides surely realized that neither country had an interest in the sailors’ plight turning into a “hot” war in the Gulf.
The challenge now is to craft mechanisms to insure that such incidents don’t recur.
If a boundary is at long last to be agreed upon between Iran and Iraq, both in the Shatt al-Arab river, as well as in the territorial sea, it cannot be imposed from the outside. Instead, it will have to be achieved bilaterally between Iran and Iraq, and supported multilaterally by the interested international community.
All interested parties should also “fix minds” on dropping “gun boat diplomacy” in favor of “collective security” arrangements, beginning with all eight littoral states of the Persian Gulf. As is so often forgotten from the outside, local security is relatively more “vital” to the states that “live” there. It’s their front yards! As my mentor (Ramazani) long ago wrote, they all need to get their oil and gas securely to world markets, “they can’t drink it.”
Yet the Gulf’s littoral states also have the curse and luxury of the entire world also seeing their fragile waterway as critically important. Why not then dare to imagine more sustainable security arrangements as guaranteed through the UN Security Council rather than via the gunboats or aircraft carriers of any one outside imperial power?
————————
Update (as of 5:05 pm EST)
Gary Sick (now a respected Professor at Columbia U., a key Carter NSC member during the hostage crisis, and a former Navy Captain) made the following 8 points on the “Iran-UK contretemps” via his closed Gulf 2000 forum (and which he just indicated can be quoted publicly) I disagree with him on some points, agree in most others. (Guess which?) See continuation:

Continue reading “UK sailors released…. “stunning” ?”

US citizens: where do our tax dollars go?

The Friends Committee on National Legislation (FCNL)– which is the excellent American Quaker lobbying organization with which I have a loose affiliation– has a great downloadable flier titled Where Do Our Income Tax Dollars Go?
In case you don’t want to wait to download that PDF file, here are some of the highlights…
From every dollar you (we) pay in income tax:

    * 41 cents goes to war-related expenditures— both financial obligations from past wars, including interest on the military portion of the national debt, which altogether come up to 13c; and paying for the current wars and preparations for future wars (28c).
    * Just 1¢ goes to humanitarian aid, maintaining diplomatic missions, and international cooperation.
    * 19¢ goes to federally funded health programs; 12c to programs related to housing and other poverty-alleviation measures; 10c for interest on the non-military portion of the debt, etc., etc.

At the end of the flier, it says, “The federal budget is a reflection of our country’s moral values. Does this budget reflect your values?” And it gives information on how to lobby Congress for a more moral budget.
It strikes me, for example, that as and when we seriously restructure the US’s relationship with the rest of the world on a more rational and more effective basis, we could take just about all of that 28c per dollar of funding for present and future wars and divide it equally between: paying down the national debt (9c); investing in health and education programs at home (9c); and building strong relationships with other countries through diplomacy, international cooperation, etc (9c).
Such a program would increase the investment in global relationships by 900 percent! And in my judgment, it would be fully 1,000 percent as efficient at safeguarding the essential (and essentially human) security interests of the US citizenry as the present, heavily war-distorted allocation of our tax dollars.
FCNL’s website also has a great page with information about the many activities US citizens can undertake in this tax-payment season– which is also a time when many of our Congressional representatives will be back home for their Easter recess, and thus available to be lobbied.

Broadband updates (haves vs. have-nots)

JWN readers might remember my lament here last July about the “digitial divide” in Central Virginia (and beyond) between those who can get broadband and those who cannot.
Alas, I’m still stuck with Wildblue Satellite. It’s better than dial-up, when it works, and when it’s not raining. Embarq’s DSL is still about 900 yards to my east and 1200 yards to my west.
Comcast has bought up the bankrupt Adelphia cable/broadband assets. When I called them, a representative (sitting at a computer in Toronto) assured me I could now get Comcast – but that was six months ago.
Meanwhile, progressive states like Oregon and Vermont are moving ahead with creative initiatives to bring broadband to their entire populations. But here in vuhGinyah, well, gosh, why would governmnent of, by and for something other than the people want to interfere in the miraculous chaos of the free market?
That’s not quite fair. Our “radical” experiment here with Broadband Over Powerline via our electric “cooperative”continues its four year tradition of going nowhere fast. In January, CVEC blamed the company providing the technology (IBEC) which in turn blamed the latest delays on a lowly chip company (DS2). With an alleged “line noise” problem solved, we were instructed to watch for a March update. Of course, it’s now April. If past pattern holds, we’ll see a new message shamelessly appear in about July, with yet another drumroll announcement to watch that space for a “full roll-out” by Christmas. Not. Even if we get it, the announced speeds for BPL (256 mbs) are half what I now limp along with via Satellite.
A solution!?
At long last, however, those of us on the wong side of the digital divide may have a solution, one oh so fitting for the frustrating *$%#^* that we’ve endured. It’s an amazingly simple, ecologically friendly, and almost “free” solution: Google’s TiSP DSL service, just announced on Sunday. If you haven’t read about this already, check it out.

Pelosi’s spring break in Syria

(This post has been cross-posted to ‘The Notion’.)
If it’s spring break in Washington, then that must be House Speaker Nancy Pelosi– accompanied by, my goodness, the perpetually pro-Israeli Tom Lantos!– heading for Syria this week.
Pelosi’s delegation is currently in Lebanon. AP’s Zeina Karam writes there that the Speaker,

    said she thinks it’s a good idea to “establish facts, to hopefully build the confidence” between the U.S. and Syria.
    “We have no illusions, but we have great hope,” she said.
    … Pelosi, who is leading a congressional delegation on a fact-finding tour of the Middle East, said she would speak to the Syrians about Iraq, their role in the fight against terrorism, their support for militant groups such as Lebanon’s Hezbollah and the Palestinian Hamas — whose exiled leaders live in Damascus — as well their influence in Lebanon.

And guess who’s waxing apoplectic about this? Yes, that would be Dana Perino, the fill-in for Tony Snow as White House spokesperson. Karam’s piece notes that Perino said,

    “We ask that people not go on these trips… We discourage it. Full stop.” [Plus, it] “sends the wrong message to have high-level U.S. officials going there (to Syria) to have photo opportunities that Assad then exploits.”

Oops! Then I guess having the Bush administration’s very own Assistant Secretary of State for Refugee Affairs Ellen Sauerbrey go to Syria last month was all a terrible mistake then?
Even Israel’s Acting President, Dalia Itzik, was much more moderate than Perino. She told Pelosi yesterday that,

    “Your expected visit to Damascus has naturally touched off a political debate in your country, and of course, here… I believe in your worthy intentions. Perhaps a step, seen as unpopular at this stage … will clarify to the Syrian people and leadership they must abandon the axis of evil (and) stop supporting terrorism and giving shelter to (terrorist) headquarters.”

But the main thing Washington needs to talk to Syria about right now is Iraq. And this strand of the American-Syrian diplomatic dance is quite complex, and in some ways very counter-intuitive. Did you think that it was the Syrians and their Iranian allies who want US troops out of Iraq and the stubborn old Bush administration that wants them to stay?
To a great degree you’d be wrong, on both counts. Here in London a couple of weeks ago my friend the veteran strategic analyst Hussein Agha told me (and on reflection, I quite agree) that, for now, all of Iraq’s neighbors prefer that US troops stay tied down inside Iraq, rather than withdraw. The gist of what Agha said was that for some of those neighboring countries– and this definitely includes both Syria along with Iran– the status quo lessens the likelihood of US attacks against them. Meanwhile for others of the neighbors (and yes, that includes Syria, once again) it represents a situation strongly preferable to the regional turmoil they fear might follow US withdrawal…
As for the Bush administration– well yes, at the ideological/political level of Bush and his resident “brain”, Dick Cheney, it is quite possible that some of them still believe all that stuff about “staying the course”, the value of the “surge”, etc. But Matthew Dowd, who was a key Bush political advisor during the 2004 election campaign is only one of the former Bush supporters who has now been “mugged by reality”, and has come out as openly critical of the way the Prez has been waging this war… Aas for the serving military, it has been clear for some time that Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Peter Pace has been prepared to quietly push back against the Bushites’ rampant bellophilia… And former commander of the US Army War College Maj.-Gen. (Retd.) Robert H. Scales recently wrote openly in the Washington Times that,

    the current political catfight over withdrawal dates is made moot by the above facts. We’re running out of soldiers faster than we’re running out of warfighting missions. The troops will be coming home soon. There simply are too few to sustain the surge for very much longer…

Since Scales is also a former advisor to Rumsfeld when Rummy was at the Petnagon, I guess that makes him a clear defector from the Bush project in Iraq, too.
Here’s the bottom line though: It is now not only (or perhaps, even, not mainly) the Dems, in Washington, who now want to find the speediest and safest possible exit for the US troops from Iraq. It is also the uniformed military– and also, quite likely, the very low-key Defense Secretary Robert Gates, who seems to see his role overwhlemingly as acting as the “anti-Rumsfeld” in the Penatgon.
But the Syrians, Iranians, and all the rest of Iraq’s neighbors are meanwhile (quietly) quite keen to see the US troops remain in Iraq. I have a little direct evidence of that, myself. When I defied the President’;s injunctions and went to Damascus at the end of February, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al-Mouallem was adamant during the interview I conducted with him that the US should effect a complete withdrawal of all its forces from Iraq– but when I pressed him to specify the time-period over which he thought this withdrawal should occur, he notably declined my invitation to do that.
So the diplomacy of this US withdrawal from Iraq look set to be very interesting indeed…

Palestinians’ lives in limbo (Part LXXXVIII)

Anthony Shadid has a great piece of reporting in today’s WaPo from one of the bleak ‘temporary’ camps at the Jordanian-Iraqi border in which 1,300 Palestinians who fled from Iraq shortly after the US invasion have now been trapped for nearly four years.
Shadid interviews 52-year-old Samir Abdel-Rahim who arrived in Ruweished ‘camp’, about 40 miles inside Jordan, in the middle of the bleak desert that separates Amman from Baghdad.
Shadid writes:

    “If you don’t leave my house, I will burn it down — you and your family inside,” Abdel-Rahim, bearded and balding, said he was told by his landlord in the Baghdad neighborhood of Hayy al-Salam.
    On May 4, 2003, he left with his family [wife and four children] and his brother’s family, buying bus tickets for the equivalent of about $7.
    “We didn’t have a choice,” he said.
    For a brief time in 2003, Jordan allowed Palestinians, including Abdel-Rahim’s family and a few hundred others, into the Ruweished camp, built about 40 miles from Iraq to house a feared influx of Iraqis fleeing the U.S.-led invasion. Jordan then closed the border. In summer 2006, Syria allowed more than 300 Palestinians into al-Hol camp, on its side of the frontier. Then, like Jordan, it sealed the border again….
    U.N. officials say both countries fear the precedent that would be set by allowing in more Palestinian refugees.
    “The line is drawn — that they’re not going to admit them, that they’re not going to absorb one more,” said Robert Breen, the representative of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees in Jordan. “If you open up for some, the rest are going to come.”
    The Palestinian Authority has offered the refugees sanctuary, but Israel, which controls the borders of the West Bank and Gaza, has denied U.N. requests to resettle them in the Palestinian territories, he said.
    “I can’t recall ever having seen this kind of situation in such a bleak environment,” Breen said. “They can’t go backward, and they aren’t moving forward. They’re literally stuck in the desert — no way back, and nowhere to go.”
    … “If there were a one in a hundred chance that we could have lived safely in Baghdad, we would have never left,” Abdel-Rahim said.
    The New York-based advocacy group Human Rights Watch has said that Shiite militias have murdered dozens of Palestinians in Baghdad and that Interior Ministry forces have arbitrarily arrested, beaten and tortured others. The group said entire communities of the 15,000 Palestinians still there have received threats of eviction. Rumors abound that Palestinians, as Sunni Muslims, have served as suicide bombers and supporters of the insurgency.
    “They have been systematically brutalized,” said Anita Raman, a reporting officer with UNHCR in Amman.
    “You kill a Palestinian, and what is the consequence?” she added.
    …Abdel-Rahim had applied to go to Canada. He pulled out the letter he had received from the Canadian Embassy.
    “You have not provided sufficient evidence that you have a well-founded fear of persecution nor that you have been and continue to be seriously and personally affected by civil war, armed conflict or massive violation of human rights,” it read in part.
    The last line concluded: “I am therefore refusing your application.”
    “I would have to die, my husband would have to be killed, or my children would have to be slaughtered in front of my eyes, so that I’d have the right to leave this place,” his sister-in-law said. “Is that logical?”

So this is what it feels like to be stateless– that is, to belong to a group that does not have any state that recognizes that you are its citizen and is capable of intervening to ensure that your most basic rights as a person– or even your existence– as a person is safeguarded.
It strikes me that the leaders of a Jewish state, of all the states in the world, should well understood the extreme vulnerability of the condition of statelessness, and should be open to allowing the Palestinian Authority to offer a refuge in the areas under its control to these very distressed Palestinians???
Anyway, Shadid’s piece is all worth reading.

Crazed retired US Air Force general urges war on Iran

I can’t get full-text versions of Wall Street Journal articles online. So it’s good that on Friday WaPo blogger Bill Arkin offered some substantial excerpts from a crazed and inflammatory opinion piece that retired Air Force Lt. Gen. Thomas G. McInerney had in that day’s WSJ…
Arkin tells us that McInerney’s favored approach to Iran would be,

    what he calls “minimal military pressure” through a “tit-for-tat” of U.S. airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities every time an American soldier is killed with a so-called “explosively formed penetrator,” a shaped charge being used in Iraq in IED attacks. A soldier is killed in Iraq, the U.S. bombs in Iran, that’s McInerney’s recommendation.

Arkin, who lives considerably closer to the real world than McInerney, is completely (and rightly) scornful of this idea:

    The idiocy of this “calculated response,” as McInerney calls it, is not only that such a direct attack would be a declaration of war, but also it imagines a level of control in the world and in warfare that doesn’t exist in the real world.
    First, it imagines that Tehran indeed controls what happens in Iraq and that the regime itself is indeed responsible for the EFPs. There are some who desperately want to trace the EFPs back to the Iranian regime, but that is by no means a foregone conclusion.
    Second, McInterney’s calculated response wrongly imagines that the United States can bomb and control what happens thereafter. Haven’t we yet learned that this doesn’t work, that it didn’t work in Afghanistan, where we are still fighting and not controlling the situation on the ground; and it certainly did work in Iraq, where we are just hoping for an honorable exit?
    Don’t worry though: If escalation indeed occurs, McInerney is happy and ready with what he calls an “air offensive” and a military strategy directed at Iran that he likens to the Reagan administration’s military buildup that bankrupted the Soviet Union and won the Cold War…

I would add to this the extremely salient fact that any US airstrike on any kind of target inside Iran would, by constituting a clear act of war, put at immediate risk not only the 140,000-plus US soldiers distributed throughout Iraq but also all the very thick (and vulnerable) supply lines that support them.
McInerney lives in cloud cuckoo-land. (Didn’t stop him working in the past as a Vice President for the huge US defense contractor Unisys/Loral.)
Arkin does us all a service by underlining this:

    Fortunately for us, the professionals in the military dismiss this kind of armchair generalship for what it is: amateurish and promiscuous speculation devoid of any political context or reality.

I note, too, that it was a technology-crazed air-force planner– Chief of Staff Dan Halutz– who got Israel into all the bad trouble it got into last summer (and hasn’t recovered from since), when he “sold” to his political bosses there the idea that the use of airpower-based “massive retaliation” against Lebanon could solve all his country’s problems there…
Arkin continues,

    But what about the Iranians? I’m afraid they read this drivel in the Wall Street Journal and imagine that it is some kind of “message” written by White House neocons, that it is an American threat.
    Of course, sophisticated Iranians will see it as just another article and will cable back to Tehran or caution their bosses not to be spooked or provoked. On the other hand, hard liners in the Iranian regime will believe every word, using and misusing such a description of war as justification for their own desired Iranian moves, moves that push us closer and closer to confrontation.
    This just goes to prove that there are clumsy and foolish players on both sides, in Iran and in the United States.
    It should be a reminder that before we declare Iran the next enemy we think through the implications of our own declarations. Even our words can be like bombs dropping, the effects of which we don’t really understand and can’t control.

At the head of the piece, Arkin writes,

    The conspiracy theorists will pick up on the news out of San Diego that the USS Nimitz aircraft carrier battle group will sail Monday for the Persian Gulf as meaning WAR with Iran…
    The USS Nimitz is sailing Monday, but Navy spokesmen tell The Los Angeles Times that there will be no overlap of three aircraft carriers in the Gulf.
    The USS Dwight D. Eisenhower will be returning to the United States.
    The decision to send another carrier to the Gulf is itself a signal of a change; at least for now, it appears that the United States will maintain a two carrier presence in the region rather than just one.
    Even if that two carrier presence isn’t specifically intended to be directed at Iran, it does have that effect.
    Aircraft carrier exercises, moreover, such as the one the United States recently concluded, the “largest” since 2003, have the impact of signaling American military readiness.
    One can’t help but think that Iran’s capture of the Royal Marines and sailors must be connected to the desire to have some kind of bargaining chip at a time when Tehran perceives that America is readying for war.

As I noted above, in my view the Iranians already have plenty of human “bargaining chips”, in the form of the US (and UK) troops spread out throughout Iraq.. The wide distribution of those troops gives Teheran much more “insurance” against US military adventures than any small group of 15 UK sailors and marines. And what’s more, the US not only put those bargaining chips into place for the Iranians but has also recently been adding to their number!
I am worried, though, about what Arkin writes about the general political mood in Washington regarding Iran:

    Iran has not so slowly taken on the mantle of favorite enemy to many in Washington, even to the geopolitically challenged who seem content, even desperate, to join the neocons in blithely referring to war there as more justified than Iraq.

Are the war-drums for an attack on Iran really being drummed so heavily and with such success in Washington as he implies? This seems extremely scary to me. I’d really welcome any information or evidence that readers can provide on this point.

Former Rumsfeld advisor: “Army is broken”

Maj.-Gen. (Retd.) Robert H. Scales is a former commander of the US Army War College– and also, according to Col. Pat Lang, a former ‘counsellor’ to D. Rumsfeld. So we should all take it very seriously that Scales writes, as he did yesterday,

    the current political catfight over withdrawal dates is made moot by the above facts. We’re running out of soldiers faster than we’re running out of warfighting missions. The troops will be coming home soon. There simply are too few to sustain the surge for very much longer.

(Hat-tip to Pat Lang for that, anyway. Also, for the very similar message reportedly coming from Gen. Barry McCaffrey.)
Scales starts his article, which was published in the rightwing Washington Times, thus:

    If you haven’t heard the news, I’m afraid your Army is broken, a victim of too many missions for too few soldiers for too long…

He also writes,

    The Army’s collapse after Vietnam was presaged by a desertion of mid-grade officers (captains) and non-commissioned officers. Many were killed or wounded. Most left because they and their families were tired and didn’t want to serve in units unprepared for war.
    If we lose our sergeants and captains, the Army breaks again. It’s just that simple. That’s why these soldiers are still the canaries in the readiness coal-mine. And, again, if you look closely, you will see that these canaries are fleeing their cages in frightening numbers.
    The lesson from this sad story is simple: When you fight a long war with a long-service professional Army, the force you begin with will not get any larger or better over the duration of the conflict. For that reason, today’s conditions are pretty much irreversible. There’s not much that money, goodwill or professed support for the troops can do…

I could add to this, perhaps, that the Bush administration’s deliberate decision of having as much of this war as possible outsourced to private contractors has hugely accelerated the rate at which sergeants and captains have been leaving the nation’s military…
But anyway, the Scales piece is just the latest piece of evidence that– as I have been writing for a while now, including herethe main driving force pushing the US towards a fairly rapid withdrawal from Iraq currently comes from within the military establishment itself.
Scales also makes clear that however much money Bush and the Congress want to try to throw at the Iraq problem, and however much they want to try to increase the size of the military, it is now quite simply too late to “save” the situation in Iraq.
(Lang also notes this: “MG Robert Scales has been a military analyst for Fox News, and was a counselor to Rumsfeld. He helped create the situation that he complains of now. He should go and hide somewhere and not walk abroad among the living.”)
So now, I guess the US will be pulling out of Iraq with the Army it has, rather than the Army it might wish it had?
We do all still need to figure out what the politics– domestically and globally– of a ‘Tank’-led US withdrawal from Iraq will look like.
We also need– all of us in the world community, not just people who are US citizens– to work together to figure out what kind of a military establishment the US might actually need as it comes out of this terrible, terrible misadventure in Iraq.

Olmert on peace prospects, etc

Somebody seems to be spinning the line to AP’s Matti Friedman that Olmert’s response to the Arab Peace Plan is generally positive. But it is quite weird for Olmert either to hail the Arab states’ current restatement of their support for this five-year-old plan as marking a “revolutionary change”.
It is also bizarre that Olmert should try to claim that the proceedings of the Arab summit now underway in Riyadh– to which the Iranian Foreign Minister has also been invited– show that the Arab states now judge they “may have been wrong to think that Israel is the world’s greatest problem.”
Does Olmert not have information at all about what has been going on in Riyadh? And wWhy on earth would an ASP reporter not seek to insert a little fact-based reality of his own into his reporting of the PM’s spin?
Anyway, it is interesting that Olmert, who along with the rest of the Israeli political elite damned and/or ignored as quite irrelevant the Arab Peace Plan when it was issued back in 2002, now feels obliged to try to find something faintly positive about exactly the same plan.
So I’ve been reading the English-Haaretz version of the current Olmert pressathon. Basically, he’s been giving long interviews to the major Israeli print media, “to mark the first anniversary of his tenure as PM”– but also, presumably, to try to reverse the sag in his political fortuned that has taken his ratings down to around 3 %.
Olmert expresses some basic confidence in the stability of current governing coalition. And Israeli friends whose judgment I respect generally agree with this assessment… the argument there being that most of the other, smaller parties that re in Olmert’s current coalition have so much reason to fear the outcome of any imminent holding of another election that they prefer to hang in there with Olmert.
There is this:

    Olmert opened the policy section of the interview with an optimistic declaration: “Gentlemen, I believe that in the next five years, it is possible to arrive at a comprehensive peace agreement with the Arab states and the Palestinians. That is the goal. That is the effort, the vision.”

But then, almost immediately, this:

    This week Olmert hosted the United Nations secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, and U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. He rejected ideas of making rapid progress in negotiations with the Palestinians, of a shortcut to the final-status settlement, and committed himself only to biweekly meetings with the chairman of the Palestinian Authority, Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), at which confidence-building measures will be discussed. Rice had hoped to leave Jerusalem with a dramatic declaration on the revival of the peace process, but had to make do with a lukewarm statement.
    “There was no real disagreement between us and the Americans,” the prime minister explains. “There were very interesting and very productive discussions. All told, we said that there is no point in a bypass route, and that we have to confront the Palestinians and oblige them to fulfill commitments.”

“Confidence building measures”!! After 40 years of military occupation, this is all they are discussing? (While the Israeli concrete mixers and bulldozers continue their relentless work of transforming the human geography of the entire West Bank… How about the question of fulfilling past promises– or holding to the requirements of international law– as being equally applicable to both sides, Ehud??)
Then, this:

    Olmert believes that various factors in the past year – the Second Lebanon War, the growing fear of Iran, and extremism – have pushed Arab states, led by Saudi Arabia, into a different perception of the regional reality. “A bloc of states is emerging that understands that they may have been wrong to think that Israel is the world’s greatest problem, and that maybe it is worthwhile to reach an understanding that includes acceptance of Israel’s existence,” he says. “I very much hope that the conference of Arab states will contribute to this.”

Does he have any idea of history and causality? The very same Arab Peace Plan that without a doubt will be endorsed and reconfirmed by the current Riyadh summit is five years old. So how, exactly, does he conclude that the events of the past year have pushed the Arab states into any kind of a downgrading of the priority of the Palestine question??
The journalists there, Aluf Benn and Yossi Verter, press him a little on the fact that nothing his government has done militarily regarding Gaza– either taking military actions or refraining from taking them– has yet stopped the firing of Qassam rockets from northern Gaza into Israel…
Then, there is this:

    Did you miss an opportunity to renew the talks with the Syrians?
    “I want to make peace with Syria. Unequivocally. But we all know – and the Palestinian experience also shows us – that there is a disparity between declarations and a credible process, which can also bring about a correct outcome. It is not enough for someone to make a vague declaration through some court journalist. I want to arrive at the possibility of peace with the Syrians, and when I believe that the conditions are right, I will not miss the opportunity.”
    What are those conditions?
    Olmert is mysterious: “Conditions that make negotiations possible, and everyone with any experience of negotiations with the Syrians knows about them.”

“Mysterious” is one word for it. “Evasive” would be another.
More intriguingly, Olmert clearly implies that it was soon after he assumed the acting premiership, four days after Sharon had his debilitating strokein January 2006, that he started orchestrating the changing of the strategic plan for Lebanon to focus it on the “massive retaliation” approach we saw in July:

    “I have dealt with the Lebanese issue since January 8, 2006 – four days after Arik [Sharon] fell ill and I assumed office. We deployed for the possibility that what happened in the end, would happen. Throughout these discussions, there was total across-the-board agreement, by all the security elements and by the civilian echelon, that it would be impossible not to respond differently from the way we did in the past. Some said that the absence of a response would cause strategic damage to Israel.
    “All these processes led to determination of a position well before July 12. When I was asked by the army why I wanted to see the plans, and why I wanted to consolidate a clear position far in advance, my answer was very simple. I didn’t want to reach that day and then start from scratch. I wanted to know where I stood, the considerations for and against, what was on the agenda, what the damage would be in each scenario – and then to reach a conclusion.
    “All these matters were presented to the cabinet in great detail, and the entire cabinet, 24 ministers, voted unanimously in favor. It is true that I am the prime minister and I bear supreme responsibility, but still, there were 24 ministers there, and they voted unanimously in favor. What they told the Winograd Committee later, what they said or didn’t say, I don’t know.

Anyway, lots of interesting points there… But I don’t have time to comment any more.

Factors for successful peacemaking: Northern Ireland

I am so joyful that it now looks as if the people of Northern Ireland can enjoy a much better, more peaceful future, thanks to the peace agreement announced on March 26 between Sinn Fein and Ian Paisley’s Democratic Unionist Party.
(Also, look at the inspiring, very forward-looking content of the statements made March 26 by both Paisley and Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams.)
Last October, I was lucky enough to hear Dr. Cathy Gormley-Heenan of the University of Ulster talk about the attributes of leadership that she considered essential to success in resolving complex, very long-running conflicts like that in Northern Ireland.
Gormley-Heenan subsequently published a book on the subject, which I’m eager to see.
Her focus in her presentation last October was primarily on the leadership needed from the primary participants in the peacemaking, not the evidently fairly different qualities required of outside third parties… What stood out most for me from her presentation– and these are lessons that I think could certainly be applied in the remaining strands of the Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy– were two main points:
(1) She underlined the need to embrace political inclusiveness in the peacemaking. The sole criteria for inclusion in the process in Northern Ireland, she said, had been (a) willingness to abide by a ceasefire, and (b) the holding of a clear mandate from the electorate.
Note that by these criteria, Hamas could and should have been included in the peace diplomacy, while the government of Israel– which never abided by any ceasefire toward the Palestinians over the past year– would not. (H’mmm.) Note, too, that the criteria Gormley-Heenan listed did not include anything, at that first stage of the negotiation, about any requirement to disarm, to subscribe to any particular version of the final outcome, or to issue statements recognizing the other side’s “rights” in any regard. And neither did the diplomacy that, 15 years ago, led to the successful resolution of the longstanding inter-group conflict in South Africa require any of these steps up front.
(2) The second point that Gormley-Heenan made that stuck in my mind– and in the notebook that I have to hand here– is that the N.I. diplomacy worked when the leaders on each side took as their prime responsibility bringing their own constituency into the peace camp. She noted that on occasion, leaders of one side argued that it was the duty of the other side to take actions to “help” them bring their own supporters into the peace camp– but that these demands were nearly always resented and divisive.
In the Arab-Israeli arena, how many hundreds of times have we heard demands from Israeli leaders that the Arabs should do things to help bring Israelis into the peace camp? (And how many times, the reverse, too?) In contrast to that, I do like Gormley-Heenan’s formulation.
Anyway, I guess we should all go and buy her book to find out her other lessons.
I would add to the above that– as evidenced in the content of those two leadership statements noted above– another important attribute for any leader seeking to engage in successful peace diplomacy would be.a commitment to being forward-looking, in terms of being willing to set aside the many grievances, injustices, and hurts from the past and focus on building a better, rights-based order in the future for everyone involved, rather than continuing to harp on endlessly about those past grievances.
Certainly, that was an attribute that the friends at Sant’ Egidio stressed when they helped to midwife the 1992 peace agreement that ended 15 years of atrocity-laden civil war in Mozambique. (You can read Chapter 4 of my latest book to find out more about that.)

Riyadh: current center of Middle East diplomacy

We should note, first, who is at the current Arab summit meeting in the Saudi capital, Riyadh. Not merely the heads of state of just about all the Arab countries (which is no trivial achievement), but also: UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana, Iranian foreign minister Manouchehr Mottaki, Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf, etc.
Note that this includes authoritative representatives of two of the four members of the US-led so-called “Quartet”. (Here‘s the text of what Ban said. It’s worth reading.)
Note that no high-level representative from the US attended. (I wonder if any were invited?)
Then, note what Saudi King Abdullah said in his opening address.
The main headline-grabber there: the part where he termed the US troop presence in Iraq “an illegitimate foreign occupation.”
Here, by the way, are some key excerpts from the draft of the statement that will be discussed and then adopted by the summit. Since the minister-level sherpas already did a lot of work Tuesday refining this Saudi-provided draft, it is expected that it will get adopted substantially as it is.
My, goodness, how the world has changed!!
Used to be that Saudi diplomacy was timid, very unclear, and conducted behind the closed doors of places of influence– mainly inside the United States. Now, suddenly, it looks both clear and amazingly robust and well-conducted.
Back when King Abdullah brokered the Mecca Agreement between Fateh and Hamas in early February, I wrote that the Kingdom seemed seriously to have “gone off the [US-delimited] reservation” in terms of the content of its diplomacy. At the time, some people said that– in light of many long decades Saudi kowtowing to Washington–they could not believe Saudi Arabia would do that. They argued that maybe in their diplomacy over the Mecca Agreement the Saudis were still acting, effectively, as “agents” of a US plot that was particuarly heinous because it’s content and shape could not even fathomed. I said, “No! There is no way the Bushites would willingly be part of any diplomacy that involved the inclusion of Hamas rather than its continued exclusion.”
I surmised, then, that Saudi diplomacy was entering a completely new era of acting independently from the will of Washington; and since then, considerable additional evidence of this has come to light. That includes the exchange of high-level visits between the Kingdom and Iran (including Pres. Ahmedinejad’s recent visit to Riyadh); the fact and content of the joint Saudi-Iranian diplomatic initiative in Lebanon; many other strands of Riyadh’s diplomacy in the region (including regarding Syria); the King’s most recent snub of President Bush, when he abruptly turned down an invitation from Bush to host a state dinner in Washington in his honor… And now, this speech at the summit.
When I was in Egypt at the beginning of this month, many people there were remarking on the fact that suddenly it seems as if Saudi Arabia is playing the leading role in regional diplomacy that Egypt for a long time used to play. Actually, to me it now looks bigger than that: it looks as if the Saudis are now– partly through their own intent, born of desperation, and partly also because of the almost complete absence of US power or decisiveness in the region– poised to replace the even larger role in the region that the US played for many decades…
If I were King Abdullah, I’d be very attentive to issues of personal security. Many Saudi decisionmakers still harbor their own clear analyses and fears regarding the death in 1975 of the last of the Saudi monarchs to stand up to US power, Abdullah’s older half-brother King Faisal bin Abdel-Aziz. Faisal was shot dead at a family gathering by a reportedly deranged nephew who had just recently returned home from the United States.
But for now, we need mainly to understand that the Middle East is entering a significantly different era. Of course US power is not absent from the region. (And nor is Israeli power.) But the US is still led by a man of extremely limited vision and understanding, who presides over an administration at odds with itself and under growing attack from the new majority in Congress.
Back in 1975, the US and Saudi Arabia shared one vast overarching concern, which was to contain Soviet power and influence in the region. Now, many in Washington (and Israel) have tried to make the argument that Washington and the Arabs share a new overarching concern: the containment of Iranian power…. Well, maybe the Saudis and other Arabs do have some concern about Iran’s growing influence. But the way they are choosing to act on that concern is very, very different from what the Americans want them to do.
The Americans want the Arab regimes to agree with them (and the Israelis) that Iran is “the biggest” threat in and to the region– and also, if possible, to forget or at least downplay their concern for the Palestinian question. But the Arab regimes have a different view of the region and their interests in it. They consider that finding a way to manage the growing threat posed to all them by militant Islamists of all stripes– people from both inside and outside their own societies– is their first priority. And that’s a threat that would only increase if they lined up with the anti-Iran, forget-about-the-Palestinians agenda being offered to them by Washington.
Condi Rice, who has systematically insulated herself from being able to have any real understanding of regional dynamics or concerns by surrounding herself with high-level neocons like the two Elliotts, seems to have no clue how to respond to all this. And neither, of course, does her boss the President. To me, this makes the situation significantly more unstable and scary than it might otherwise be.
But anyway, the permafrost of diplomatic inactivity that settled over all strands of Arab-Israeli diplomacy with the advent of the Bushites to power in early 2001 now seems suddenly to be melting. Fascinating times ahead.